To My Readers



If this is the first time you're visiting my blog, thank you. Whether you're interested or just curious to find out about PCB reverse engineering (PCB-RE), I hope you'll find something useful here.

This blog contains many snippets of the content in my books to provide a more detailed overall sampling for my would-be readers to be better informed before making the purchase. Of course, the book contains more photos and nice illustrations, as evidence from its cover page. Hopefully, this online trailer version will whet your appetite enough to want to get a copy for yourself.

Top Review

I started doing component level repair of electronics with (and without) schematics more than 40 years ago, which activity often involves reverse-engineering of printed circuit boards. Although over the years my technical interests have shifted into particle beam instrumentation, electron microscopy, and focused ion beam technology fields, till this day——and more often than not——PCB repairs have returned multiple multi-million-dollar accelerators, FIB, and SEM instruments back to operation, delivering great satisfaction and some profit.

Many of the methods described by Keng Tiong in great details are similar to the approaches I've developed, but some of the techniques are different, and as effective and useful as efficient and practical. Systematic approach and collection of useful information presented in his books are not only invaluable for a novice approaching PCB-level reverse engineering, but also very interesting reading and hands-on reference for professionals.

Focus on reverse engineering instead of original design provides unique perspective into workings of electronics, and in my opinion books by Keng Tiong (I've got all three of them) are must-read for anybody trying to develop good understanding of electronics——together with writings by Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, Phil Hobbs, Jim Williams, Bob Pease, Howard Johnson and Martin Graham, Sam Goldwasser, and other world's top electronics experts.

Valery Ray
Particle Beam Systems Technologist

Friday, July 3, 2026

Reman: The Gold Standard


Remanufacturing sits at the apex of the three strategies for several reasons. 

Reason 1: Reliability 

A refurbished product is a gamble. It might last years; it might fail next month. A remanufactured product carries the same statistical reliability as a new product—because it has been restored to the same tolerances and specifications. 

Reason 2: Warranty Parity 

Customers who buy new products expect warranties measured in years, not months. Remanufactured products can offer those warranties because the restoration process is comprehensive enough to justify the confidence. 

Reason 3: Environmental Impact 

Remanufacturing saves 80-95% of the energy, water, and raw materials required to manufacture a new product—because the core (the housing, the block, the frame) is preserved. Only wear items are replaced.

Reason 4: Economic Value 

A remanufactured product typically sells for 40-70% of the new price, with gross margins that are often higher than new (because the core is acquired at low cost and the labor-intensive restoration is still cheaper than virgin materials and new component fabrication). 

A customer who pays for a remanufactured product expects new reliability. A rebuilt or reconditioned product will not deliver that. Engineers specifying remanufacturing for safety-critical or high-reliability applications must ensure they are getting true remanufacturing—not a cheaper imitation.  

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