To My Readers



If this is the first time you're visiting my blog, thank you. Whether you're interested or just curious to find out about PCB reverse engineering (PCB-RE), I hope you'll find something useful here.

This blog contains many snippets of the content in my books to provide a more detailed overall sampling for my would-be readers to be better informed before making the purchase. Of course, the book contains more photos and nice illustrations, as evidence from its cover page. Hopefully, this online trailer version will whet your appetite enough to want to get a copy for yourself.

Top Review

I started doing component level repair of electronics with (and without) schematics more than 40 years ago, which activity often involves reverse-engineering of printed circuit boards. Although over the years my technical interests have shifted into particle beam instrumentation, electron microscopy, and focused ion beam technology fields, till this day——and more often than not——PCB repairs have returned multiple multi-million-dollar accelerators, FIB, and SEM instruments back to operation, delivering great satisfaction and some profit.

Many of the methods described by Keng Tiong in great details are similar to the approaches I've developed, but some of the techniques are different, and as effective and useful as efficient and practical. Systematic approach and collection of useful information presented in his books are not only invaluable for a novice approaching PCB-level reverse engineering, but also very interesting reading and hands-on reference for professionals.

Focus on reverse engineering instead of original design provides unique perspective into workings of electronics, and in my opinion books by Keng Tiong (I've got all three of them) are must-read for anybody trying to develop good understanding of electronics——together with writings by Paul Horowitz and Winfield Hill, Phil Hobbs, Jim Williams, Bob Pease, Howard Johnson and Martin Graham, Sam Goldwasser, and other world's top electronics experts.

Valery Ray
Particle Beam Systems Technologist

Friday, May 12, 2017

Component Classifications (Part 4)

Had been pretty tied up with my next engineering book lately, as well as family commitments. Well, here's the next installment:


Transistors and MOSFETs

The transistor—from its humble beginning as a discrete entity in 1947 at AT&T's Bell Laboratory, to its present highly integrated forms numbering in the millions—is the basic building block of all modern electronic devices.


Transistors can be broadly classified into two types: bipolar and unipolar (also known as field-effect transistor, or FET). The bipolar transistor has three terminals labeled base, collector and emitter, and utilizes a small base current to control or switch a much larger current between the collector and emitter. As such, the BJT can function as an amplifier in the linear range, or as a switch under saturated condition. The FET also has three terminals labeled gate, drain and source, but uses a gate voltage to control the current between the source and drain. The FET can be further divided into junction FET (JFET) and insulated or metal-oxide semiconductor FET (MOSFET).

Like the diodes, military grade transistors are similarly prefixed with JAN, JANTX, JANTXV, or simply JX before their usual 2Nxxx commercial part numbers. Likewise, SMD transistors are marked with 2 or 3 alpha-numeric codes. For example, the Fairchild MMBT2222A is the equivalent of a 2N2222A TO-18 NPN transistor. There are also transistor array ICs used mainly for driving/sinking high current loads, such as the ULN2803A.

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